美國(guó)作家梭羅獨(dú)居瓦爾登湖畔的記錄,描繪了他兩年多時(shí)間里的所見(jiàn)、所聞和所思。這部著作區(qū)別于先前文學(xué)作品的第一個(gè)特征,是其對(duì)自然巨細(xì)靡遺的描摹和引申。大至四季交替造成的景色變化,小到兩只螞蟻的爭(zhēng)斗,無(wú)不栩栩如生地再現(xiàn)于梭羅的生花妙筆之下,并且描寫(xiě)也不流于表淺,而是有著博物學(xué)家的精確。作者無(wú)微不至地描述兩年多的湖畔獨(dú)居生活,目的在于通過(guò)這次親力親為的實(shí)驗(yàn)向讀者證明:其實(shí)不需要很多錢(qián),也能夠好好地活著,而且能夠快快樂(lè)樂(lè)地活著。
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Thomas Hardy's final novel "Jude the Obscure" began as a serial publication on December 1894 before being published in book form the following year. It is the story of its titular character Jude Fawley, a young lower-class man with dreams of being a scholar, and his relationships with his wife, Arabella, and his free-spirited cousin, Sue Bridehead. The novel follows the life of Jude from his youth living in a village in southern England where he works in a bakery and studies Classical Greek and Latin in his spare time with hopes of one day becoming a scholar at Christminster, a fictional city modeled after Oxford. His dreams are dashed however when he becomes ensnared by deceit into marriage with Arabella Donn, a coarse and superficial girl. What follows is a classic and tragic tale that plays upon many themes, principally of which is the idea that one's ruinous downfall is the product of having lived a sinful life. Having been harshly criticized in its day for its scandalous portrayals, "Jude the Obscure" has since been recognized as one of Hardy's finest and most intricate works.
《野性的呼喚》是由20世紀(jì)初美國(guó)著名小說(shuō)家杰克·倫敦所著,并于1903年發(fā)表。全書(shū)以19世紀(jì)淘金熱為大背景,當(dāng)時(shí),強(qiáng)壯的拉雪橇的狗成為搶手貨。小說(shuō)主人公是一條名叫巴克的狗,本來(lái)它是家養(yǎng)的,但被人偷走,變賣(mài)到生存環(huán)境十分惡劣的阿拉斯加,去拉雪橇。巴克不得不強(qiáng)迫自己適應(yīng)環(huán)境,與其他的狗打架爭(zhēng)奪地位,最終生存下來(lái),并成為動(dòng)物群中的首領(lǐng)。該書(shū)出版后,即給杰克倫敦贏得巨大聲譽(yù)。早在1908年,該書(shū)就被改編成電影,此后,又多次被拍攝成電影。小說(shuō)《白狼》于1906年出版發(fā)行,大背景也是19世紀(jì)的淘金熱潮,也是從狗的角度,來(lái)看待人類(lèi)的小說(shuō),可以說(shuō)是《野性的呼喚》的姊妹篇,小說(shuō)在人性、道德與救贖方面都有很深刻的探索。該小說(shuō)多次被排成電影,最后一次是1991年,被好萊塢排成電影,受到觀眾們的歡迎。本版本是美國(guó)人最認(rèn)可的哥登堡權(quán)威本。